Both nations made use of German missile technology and scientists from their missile program. The two nations were also in a nuclear arms race following the Second World War. One of the underlying motivations for the space race was military. The race resulted in rapid advances in rocketry, materials science, and other areas. The Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union began in 1957 with the launching of the first artificial satellite Sputnik 1. Weighing 83.6 kg (184.3 lb) and orbiting the Earth once every 98 minutes. The Space Age was an era of new military, political, technological, and scientific developments which began with the Soviet Union's October 4, 1957, launch of Earth's first artificial satellite Sputnik 1. New developments include the participation of billionaires in crewed space travel, including space tourism. In the early 2020s, some journalists have used the phrase "New Space Age" in reference to a resurgence of innovation and public interest in space exploration as well as commercial applications of low Earth orbit (LEO) and more distant destinations. When the USSR dissolved the Russian Federation continued their program as Roscosmos. They formed organizations such as the European Space Agency ( ESA), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA), the Indian Space Research Organization ( ISRO), and the China National Space Administration ( CNSA). This period of competition gave way to cooperation between those nations and emphasis on scientific research and commercial applications of space-based technology.Įventually other nations became space-fairing. The United States established the National Aviation and Space Administration ( NASA) and the USSR established the Kosmicheskaya programma SSSR to meet these goals. Initially, the United States and the Soviet Union invested unprecedented amounts of resources in breaking records and being first to meet milestones in crewed and uncrewed exploration. This period is characterized by changes in emphasis on particular areas of space exploration and applications. The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events, beginning with the launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957, and continuing to the present. The Space Launch System lifts off on its maiden flight to space, then on to the Moon.
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